Penumonia Archives
Viral Testing May Reduce Antibiotic Use in Severe Lower Respiratory Infection
Advanced diagnostic platforms to identify viruses can help patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections avoid unnecessary diagnostic testing, reduce antibiotic use, and initiate antiviral therapy.
Is Short-Course Antibiotic Treatment for CAP Effective?
To investigate what impact antibiotic treatment duration has on CAP outcomes, researchers from the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University conducted a search of various databases for studies comparing the safety and efficacy of treatment regimens lasting ≤6 days (short) and ≥7 days (long).
Type 2 Diabetes Does Not Affect Pneumonia Incidence, Outcomes After Stroke
Investigators examined the incidence and outcomes of pneumonia in patients with acute ischemic stroke and type 2 diabetes.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia In-Hospital Deaths Are Not Indicative of Lapse in Care
Most deaths related to community-acquired pneumonia that occurred at tertiary-case hospitals were not preventable.
PCV13 Reduces Hospitalization for Vaccine-Type Community-Acquired Pneumonia
The real-world effectiveness of PCV13 vaccine in preventing hospitalization for vaccine-type community-acquired pneumonia was assessed.
C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for CAP in Bronchiectasis
Although clinical presentation was similar in both community-acquired pneumonia and non-pneumonia exacerbations, CRP, glucose, and leukocytes were higher in the former vs the latter.
Early Clinical Response With Omadacycline vs Moxifloxacin in CABP
Early clinical response rates were similar across PORT risk class subgroups in patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia when treated with omadacycline or moxifloxacin.
Prevnar 13 Linked to Reduced Risk of CAP Hospitalization in Older Patients
PCV13, marketed as Prevnar 13, was evaluated in a test-negative case-control study in real-world conditions where patients were administered pneumococcal vaccination as advised by their healthcare providers.
Positive Results Announced for Pleuromutilin Antibiotic in CABP
In the LEAP 2 study (N=738), patients with moderate CABP received either oral lefamulin 600mg every 12 hours for 5 days or oral moxifloxacin 400mg once daily for 7 days.
Prior Atypical Antipsychotic Use May Increase Mortality Risk in Pneumonia
Clinicians should consider these findings when using atypical antipsychotics in patients at risk for pneumonia.
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Prevalence in an Insured US Population
Researchers have developed a novel algorithm to identify hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Pediatric Pneumonia: Sensitivity of Lung Ultrasound vs Chest Radiography
Lung ultrasound was more effective in diagnosing pediatric community-acquired pneumonia than chest radiography.
Legionella Pneumonia Outcomes Similar in Adults With/Without HIV
Clinical presentation and outcomes in HIV-infected patients with Legionella pneumonia did not differ from patients without HIV infection.
Low-Dose CT May Modify Pneumonia Diagnosis in Elderly Patients
Low-dose computed tomography may assist clinicians in modifying diagnosis of elderly patients who are admitted with suspected pneumonia.
Pneumonia Risk in Severe COPD Linked to Elevated Eosinophil Count
A higher proportion of patients with COPD and a blood eosinophil count of ≥0.34×109/L had elevated markers of low-grade systemic inflammation regardless of forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Community-Acquired Pneumonia With or Without ARDS
The risk for death in patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were given mechanical ventilation does not seem to be affected by the presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Pneumonia and Influenza May Trigger Acute MI, Stroke
Researchers found increased myocardial infarction rates during the week after Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza infections.
Inflammatory Markers in CAP Influenced by Time From Symptom Onset to Presentation
Differences in serum inflammatory markers may exist between patients with community-acquired pneumonia who present within the first 48 hours of symptom onset vs those who present later.
No Benefit From Prophylactic Antimicrobials in Aspiration Pneumonitis
Use of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy was not associated with a reduction in mortality or transfer to critical care compared with patients managed with supportive care only.
Comparing Diagnostic Imaging for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Adults with community-acquired pneumonia that is visualized on CT scan but not on concurrent chest radiograph have similar pathogens, disease severity, and outcomes as patients who had pneumonia confirmed via chest radiograph.
Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Failure: Angiopoietin-2 Levels May Predict Severity
Interventional reduction of the angiopoietin-1/angiopoietin-2 ratio may provide therapeutic perspective for prevention of acute lung injury in pneumonia.
Chronic Oral Glucocorticoid Use in Pediatric Asthma May Increase Morbidities
Children with asthma who experience chronic oral glucocorticoid exposure may have significant morbidities, including adrenal suppression, recurrent pneumonia, and behavioral problems.
Predictive Model Identifies Risk Factors for Bacteremia in Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Researchers retrospectively analyzed data from patients hospitalized with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia to determine risk factors for pneumococcal bacteremia.
An Inflammatory Response: Cardiovascular Complications of Pneumonia
As a result of activating the inflammatory-immune system, pneumonia may trigger cardiovascular complications.
Azithromycin Timing Not Associated With Childhood Mycoplasma Pneumonia Outcomes
Researchers assessed the timing of azithromycin administration for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia to determine its effectiveness in the setting of macrolide resistance.
Opioid use associated with increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease
Researchers found the strongest link between prescription opioid use and the risk for invasive pneumococcal disease was present in individuals using long-acting, high-dose, or highly potent formulations.
Pneumococcal Disease Risk Linked to Opioid Use
Long-acting, high-potency, and high-dose opioids were associated with an increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease.
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Severe CAP Increased Mortality Risk
Invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia appeared to increase their mortality risk.
Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates Before and After PCV13 Introduction
Nasopharyngeal samples collected from young children with acute otitis media were analyzed for S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis and compared before and after PCV13 introduction.
Characteristics Associated With Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing
Patient, practice, and provider characteristics are associated with inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing in the outpatient setting.
FDA Approves Avycaz Supplemental NDA for Pneumonia
The FDA approved the supplemental New Drug Application for Avycaz to treat adults with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia.
Reducing Postoperative Respiratory Complications Through Physiotherapy
The preoperative physiotherapy intervention cut the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications by 50%.
Procalcitonin-Guided Pneumonia Treatment Associated With Improved Outcomes
Procalcitonin may decrease mortality rates in patients with acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia.
Pneumonia in Childhood Linked to Higher Short-Term Incidence of Some Cancers
Short-term incidence of leukemia, lymphoma, and brain cancer may be higher in children who were hospitalized with pneumonia.
Effect of Corticosteroids on Pneumonia-Related Mortality
Mortality from severe pneumonia may be significantly reduced with corticosteroids.
Incidence of Non-Ventilator Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
Non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia is a significant burden in US acute care hospitals and poses a risk to nonelderly, non-intensive unit patients.
Intravenous Antibiotic Recalled Due to Mold
AuroMedics Pharma announced a voluntary recall of 1 lot of Linezolid injection after a batch found contained mold.
Predictors of Pneumonia in Adults With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Researchers identified 4 specific symptoms that could be the basis for a pneumonia diagnosis.
Adult Vaccinations: Improving Public Perception and Awareness
Educational campaigns regarding the value of vaccines should integrate social psychological considerations with health communication principles.
The Potential Pitfalls of Machine Learning Algorithms in Medicine
The ability of machine learning programs to diagnose medical conditions and predict outcomes is discussed in an opinion article.
Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients: Assessing Reliability of Signs and Symptoms
No single finding appears to reliably predict a pneumonia diagnosis in pediatric patients younger than 5 years of age.
Usefulness of CHEST 2006 Cough Classifications
The 2006 CHEST management algorithms for acute, subacute, and chronic cough appear to be useful in treating adults globally.
Nebulized Antibiotics May Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Occurrence
Prophylactic antibiotics administered to patients who were mechanically ventilated reduced the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Inhaled Corticosteroids Do Not Increase Risk for Pneumonia in COPD
In contrast to previous study findings, inhaled corticosteroids do not appear to increase risk for pneumonia in patients with COPD with moderate airflow limitation.
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy in Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Strictly following empirical antimicrobial treatment guidelines in patients with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia may result in overtreatment with antibiotics.
Delafloxacin Effective for Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections
Study results indicate that delafloxacin has potent in-vitro activity against most common pathogens seen in community-acquired pneumonia.
Improving Length of Stay, Mortality in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Combination antibiotic therapy with a macrolide improves hospital length of stay in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia.
Prolonged Hospitalization Predictors in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Researchers developed a clinical tool to predict prolonged hospital stays in patients with pediatric community-acquired complicated pneumonia.
Pneumococcal Vaccination Uptake Lower in Minority Populations
Low education and low income are linked to lower uptakes of PCV13 in minorities 65 years and older.
Beta-Lactams vs Azithromycin in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Investigators found that macrolides correlated with lower odds of treatment failure in patients younger than 5 with CAP.
Procalcitonin Diagnostic Algorithm Useful in Bacterial Pneumonia
Using serum procalcitonin levels to diagnose and manage bacterial pneumonia decreases length of hospital stay.
Pneumococcal Vaccination Trends in Work vs Non-Work-Related Asthma
Fewer than half of patients with asthma have received a pneumococcal vaccination.
PCV13 and PCV10 Vaccines Showed High Efficacy Against Pneumococcal Pneumonia Serotypes
While the newest high-valent PCV10 and PCV13 vaccines are effective in preventing IPD caused by the serotypes within the vaccines, breakthrough patterns of conversion to non-PCV13 serotypes are emerging.
Pneumonia Outcomes Predicted by Time to Positivity of Blood Culture
Early time to positivity of blood culture in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia predicted the risk for invasive mechanical ventilation.
GERD Associated With Long-Term Risk of Pneumonia
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with long-term risk of pneumonia, especially in the younger population and in patients who have been treated with proton pump inhibitors.
Case Report: Zoonotic Chlamydia caviae Linked to Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Three cases of community-acquired pneumonia were reported in otherwise healthy adults.
COPD Linked to Diabetes and Post-Diabetes Pneumonia
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, particularly with exacerbations, have an increased risk for diabetes development.
Increased CVD Risk in Men Following Sepsis, Pneumonia
Men have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease for more than 5 years following either sepsis or pneumonia.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Benefits in COPD, Lung Cancer, and Other Respiratory Conditions
Recent research suggests that perioperative and postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation improves outcomes in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.
Community-Acquired Pneumococcal Pneumonia Treatment Outcomes in HIV Immunosuppression
Patients had similar outcomes with standardized treatment for community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia regardless of HIV status.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management
An estimated 55% to 85% of hospital-acquired pneumonia infections involve gram-negative bacteria, while 20% to 30% of cases involve gram-positive cocci.
Hypoxemia, Breathing Difficulty May Indicate Pneumonia in Children
Clinical symptoms of pneumonia should be identified quickly in pediatric patients to prevent inappropriate therapy.
Avoiding Pneumonia in Patients With COPD
Pneumonia primarily affects young children, smokers, adults 65 years and older, and people with COPD.
Mortality in CAP Following Sepsis Clinical Criteria Update
Nearly 7000 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were examined using updated Sepsis-3 Task Force criteria.
Reduced Hospital Readmissions and Mortality Rates: How Are They Linked?
Researchers analyzed data from hospitalized Medicare patients with acute MI, heart failure, or pneumonia between 2008 and 2014.
Morbidity, Mortality in VZV-Related Community-Acquired Pneumonia
A large cohort study of critically ill patients with varicella-zoster virus-related community-acquired pneumonia found that significant morbidity and mortality are associated with the disease.
Does Chlorhexidine Oral Rinse Affect Outcomes in Aspiration Pneumonia?
Chlorhexidine oral rinse solution 0.05% as an adjunctive intervention in daily oral hygiene care in nursing home residents does not reduce the rate of aspiration pneumonia.
Decreases in In-Hospital Aspiration Pneumonia Mortality
Between 2002 and 2012, in-hospital mortality rates for aspiration pneumonia dropped across the US.
Are Outcomes Worse in Patients With HIV With Community-Acquired Pneumonia?
Patients with HIV who develop CAP do not need special treatment in comparison to healthy individuals according to a Barcelona study.
Initial Antibiotic Treatment Ineffective in Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Approximately 22.1% adults do not respond to initial antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia, according to new research presented at ATS 2017.
Increase Pneumonia Risk in Asthma With Inhaled Corticosteroids Use
Patients with asthma have an increased risk of pneumonia when using inhaled corticosteroids, including budesonide and fluticasone.
AATS Guidelines: Evidence-based Empyema Management
The American Association for Thoracic Surgery released guidelines for the management of empyema.
Amoxicillin vs Macrolide: Antibiotic Prescribing Habits in Children With CAP
Despite current guidelines recommending amoxicillin in most children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), macrolides and broad-spectrum antibiotics continue to be prescribed for outpatient CAP.
Pneumonia Risk in Immunocompromised Parturients on Steroids, Non-biologics, and TNF inhibitors
Risk of Pneumonia and other serious infections is similar among pregnant women with systemic inflammatory conditions using steroids, TNF inhibitors, and non-biologics.
Statin Potency Association With Risk of Hospitalization for CAP
Higher-potency statins increase the risk of hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia.
Accuracy of Lung Ultrasonography for Pneumonia Diagnosis
Lung ultrasounds present an effective alternative to diagnosing pneumonia.
Risk of Pneumonia Increases With Antidementia Drugs in Alzheimer
Patients with Alzheimer's disease undergoing monotherapy with memantine have a higher risk of pneumonia.
Rate of Pediatric Empyema Hospitalizations Decreased PCV13 Introduction
Hospitalization rates for parapneumonic empyema in US children fell after introducing the 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV13.
Switching From IV-to-Oral Antibiotics Safe in Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia
Switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics in patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia was found to be safe.