Jagan Dewan Gupta

Preliminary Diagnosis: Renal Osteodystrophy I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Plain radiography. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing renal osteodystrophy. Advantages Quick imaging procedure. Requires minimal patient cooperation. Low cost procedure.Related Content Readily available. Minimal exposure to ionizing radiation. Highly sensitive for evaluating for renal osteodystrophy. Disadvantages…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Osteoarthritis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Plain radiography. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Advantages Quick and relatively inexpensive imaging modality Exposes patients to minimal ionizing radiation. Highly sensitive and specific in detailing osseous abnormalities Disadvantages Limited in evaluating the surrounding soft…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Liver Abscess I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis Plain radiograph of the chest and abdomen II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of a liver abscess. Advantages Highly portable Relatively inexpensive imaging modality Disadvantages Less sensitive and specific in detecting and diagnosing a liver abscess or…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Vulvovaginal Cancer I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Ultrasound of the lower pelvis. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing vulvovaginal cancer. Advantages Does not expose patients to ionizing radiation. Highly portable imaging modality. Moderately sensitive and specific in detailing and characterizing vulvovaginal cancer.Related Content Relatively…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Multiple Sclerosis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Contrasted MR of the brain per demyelinating protocol Contrasted MR of the cervical spine may additionally be performed to search for any cervical spine demyelinating plaques. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Advantages Highly…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Nephrolithiasis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Computed tomography (CT) scan without oral and without intravenous contrast II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. Advantages Able to locate an obstructive radiopaque renal, collecting system, and urinary bladder calculi Relatively quick imaging modalities that require…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Meningitis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis MR imaging of the brain and spine with and without contrast II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of meningitis. Advantages May be diagnostic in certain clinical settings Able to locate the focal area of meningeal inflammation and predict…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Encephalitis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? MR imaging with intravenous contrast of the brain. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing encephalitis. Advantages Diagnostic with positive pertinent findings in the correct clinical setting, including focal parenchymal inflammation secondary to a viral infection. Able to locate…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Intracerebral Hemorrhage I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis Noncontrast CT of the brain II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of an intracerebral hemorrhage. Advantages Relatively inexpensive and more efficient and faster imaging modality compared to MR imaging Very specific and sensitive in evaluating for intracerebral…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? The first line imaging modality is ultrasound of the pancreas and surrounding abdominal organs. (Endoscopic sonography offers better evaluation than transabdominal sonography). II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing Zollinger Ellison-Syndrome. Advantages Highly portable. Does not expose patients…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis Non-contrast CT of the head with CTA of the head and neck is the first-line imaging modality. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Advantages Relatively fast and inexpensive imaging modality compared with companion MR/MRA…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Vasculitis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? MR imaging (with and without contrast) of the area of concern. MRA (with and/or without contrast) imaging may additionally be performed. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing vasculitis. Advantages Highly sensitive and specific in detecting, detailing, and characterizing…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Varicose Veins I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Ultrasound of the vessel of concern. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing varicose veins. Advantages Highly portable imaging modality. Does not expose patients to ionizing radiation. Highly adept in detailing the velocity and directionality of the flow…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Trigeminal neuralgia I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis Contrast MR of the brain according to trigeminal protocol with thin axial cuts II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. Advantages Able to exquisitely detail the trigeminal nerves from the root entry zone distally through…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Tricuspid stenosis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Echocardiography (transesophageal offers better resolution compared with transthoracic) II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of tricuspid stenosis. Advantages Highly portable, fast, and relatively inexpensive imaging modality. Does not expose patients to ionizing radiation. Offers exquisite visualization of…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Tricuspid regurgitation I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis Transthoracic 2-D echocardiography II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation. Advantages Offers exquisite anatomical and functional imaging. Does not expose patients to ionizing radiation. Detects pressure gradients and velocities across a diseased valve and helps…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Tracheomalacia I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis Dynamic airway fluoroscopy. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of tracheomalacia. Advantages Highly portable, inexpensive, and fast imaging modality. Highly sensitive for tracheomalacia Exposes patients to minimal ionizing radiation. Disadvantages Low specificity for detailing findings of tracheomalacia and…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Tracheal stenosis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis CT soft tissue of the neck with contrast (thin section, 1-2 mm helical cuts with secondary 2- and 3-dimensional reformations, allowing virtual endoscopy) II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of tracheal stenosis. Advantages Highly sensitive and specific…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Toxic Megacolon I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Plain radiograph of the abdomen and pelvis. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing toxic megacolon. Advantages Highly portable and relatively inexpensive imaging modality. Exposes patients to minimal ionizing radiation. Moderately sensitive and moderately specific for diagnosing toxic…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Thyroiditis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Ultrasound of the thyroid gland. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing thyroiditis. Advantages Highly portable imaging modality. Does not expose patients to ionizing radiation. Offers exquisite detail of the vascularity of the thyroid bed.Related Content May guide percutaneous…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Beurger Disease) I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Ultrasound (Gray scale, Color Doppler, and spectral waveform) of the region of interest to evaluate the underlying vasculature. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing thromboangiitis obliterans. Advantages Highly portable and relatively inexpensive imaging modality that…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Syringomyelia I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Non-contrasted intradural protocol MR of the (cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar spine) in patients without a history of prior spine surgery. In patients with prior spine surgery, the first line for diagnosis is a contrasted intradural protocol MR of the (cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Suppurative lymphadenitis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis CT soft tissue neck with IV contrast is the first-line imaging modality (given that the location of interest of lymphadenitis is the neck.) II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of suppurative lymphadenitis. Advantages Highly sensitive and specific…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis CT temporal bone without contrast. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Advantages Relatively inexpensive and fast imaging modality that offers exquisite detail of the osseous structures of the inner, middle,…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Fluoroscopic guided double contrasted esophagram. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Advantages Highly portable, relative quick imaging modality. Double contrast esophagraphy offers exquisite detail of the esophageal…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Splenic Infarction I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing splenic infarction. Advantages Most sensitive and specific imaging modality in detecting and characterizing a splenic infarct. Highly specific in characterizing the…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? CT venography of the brain. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Advantages Relatively inexpensive, fast imaging modality. Better able to evaluate the surrounding osseous structures than other imaging modalities. Disadvantages Exposes the patient…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Seizures I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? MRI with contrast of the brain with seizure protocol. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing seizures. Advantages Able to detail the brain parenchyma for gray and/or white matter abnormalities. Does not make use of ionizing radiation. Disadvantages Subject…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Sarcoma I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Plain radiography. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing sarcoma. Advantages Highly portable and quick imaging modality that exposes patients to negligible ionizing radiation. Offers exquisite visualization of the surrounding osseous structures and any mineralized structures. Disadvantages Limited in…

Preliminary Diagnosis: Right Middle Lobe Syndrome I. What imaging technique is first-line for this diagnosis? Chest x-ray. PA, and lateral. II. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosing right middle lobe syndrome. Advantages Highly portable and inexpensive imaging modality. Exposes patients to negligible ionizing radiation. Highly sensitive in evaluating for right middle…