Childhood intelligence scores are associated with lower risk of mortality caused by coronary heart disease, cancers related to smoking, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, injury, and dementia.
Researchers examined structural social support indicators, including living status, having a partner, number of close friends and relatives, and the presence of a family caregiver.
Patients with persistent hypercapnia following acute exacerbation of COPD, home noninvasive ventilation with home oxygen therapy prolonged readmission time.
Study results suggest that gas trapping, not emphysema, is associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD.
Patients with asthma have an increased risk of pneumonia when using inhaled corticosteroids, including budesonide and fluticasone.
The European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society released clinical guidelines for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.
Patients with moderate-to-very-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had decreased exacerbations after 3 months of commencing budesonide/formoterol treatment.
Morning symptoms are common among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are frequently associated with limitations of physical activity.
The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT) effectively indicates mortality risk in patients with intestinal lung disease.
he average cost of health care for smokers was $64,041 compared to $45,918 for nonsmokers, based on the data from the one-year follow-up period.
