Virginia A. Schad, PharmD, RPh

Pulmonary hypertension is common among patients with COPD and is associated with higher mortality.

The presence of comorbid conditions is associated with a higher likelihood of undergoing lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography.

Vaping exposure should be included in the clinical history of all patients with CT findings of acute lung injury without another known cause, particularly if they are young and otherwise healthy.

COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be efficiently treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

The pathogenesis of cough variant asthma and classical asthma may be related to genes such as FCER1A, HDC, and IL4.

Critically ill patients with COVID-19 are at high risk for hospital-acquired infections, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonias and bloodstream infections.

The maternal 17q21 genotype has an important influence on the protective effects of prenatal vitamin D3 supplementation against asthma/recurrent wheeze in offspring.

Solriamfetol, a dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, improves excessive daytime sleepiness in OSA regardless of primary OSA therapy adherence.

In many patients with exogenous lipoid pneumonia, respiratory symptoms and radiologic abnormalities continue to worsen even if the culprit exposure is identified and discontinued.

In patients with cystic fibrosis with advanced lung disease, initiation of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor is associated with rapid clinical improvement and a decreased need for lung transplantation.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appear to be more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in the general population.

Further metabolite-based analysis may help identify the mechanisms underlying pulmonary dysfunction in COVID-19 survivors and provide potential therapeutic targets in the future.

In patients with septic shock, treatment with IV vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine does not lead to more rapid resolution compared with IV hydrocortisone alone.

In patients requiring mechanical ventilation for ARDS related to COVID-19, combining the lung ultrasound aeration score and the recruitment-to-inflation ratio can provide additional information on lung recruitment.

Many of the prescribed antipseudomonal drugs for patients with community-acquired pneumonia are potentially unnecessary.

Mepolizumab reduces disease symptoms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, according to the results of a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.

Berotralstat may reduce the use of on-demand medications in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE) who were previously treated with prophylactic therapies.

In patients with moderate to severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, treatment with an Exhalation Delivery System With Fluticasone (EDS-FLU) is associated with improved sleep scores.

Active eosinophilic esophagitis appears to be associated with lower lung function and increased asthma severity in children with comorbid asthma.

Grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a higher asthma risk and lower lung function in male grandchildren.

Smokers are at an increased risk of developing symptomatic coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).

Light sedation with dexmedetomidine does not lead to more days alive without acute brain dysfunction compared with propofol in mechanically ventilated adults with sepsis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with lower use of beta-blockers and worse health status and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular hospitalizations.

In patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, ambulatory management with a flutter valve does not shorten the overall length of stay compared with standard management.

Molecular markers of type 2 airway inflammation do not differ between eosinophilic asthma and eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Screening disparities may still persist among women and racial/ethnic minority populations with the revised United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) lung cancer screening guideline.

Goblet cell hyperplasia is induced by active smoke exposure and does not necessarily correlate with the clinical symptoms of chronic bronchitis.

Right ventricular dysfunction is associated with higher short-term and long-term mortality in sepsis and septic shock.

Asymptomatic carriers of the BMPR2 mutation have a significant risk of developing incident pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Expert artificial intelligence-based natural language processing algorithms may help clinicians and researchers systematically identify childhood asthma and its subgroups with distinctive characteristics from electronic health records.