Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies have improved survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, but they have also been linked to immune-related adverse events affecting various organs, including the lungs.
The concept of thirdhand smoke was originally introduced in 1953, when rodent studies first demonstrated the carcinogenic effects of the residue from tobacco smoke.
Although screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography has demonstrated a reduction in mortality, some experts say the benefits do not outweigh the potential harms.
This study confirms that smoking any type of cigarette (regular, light, or ultralight; unflavored or menthol; filtered or unfiltered) is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer and mortality.
The consumption of dietary fiber and yogurt has been shown to be associated with a reduced risk for lung cancer after the adjustment for known risk factors among never-smokers.
